Download Alarm Kebakaran
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A fire alarm notification appliance that is used in the United States and Canada,.
A fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns. They can also be [(speaker strobes]) which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators. Fire alarm sounders can be set to certain frequencies and different tones including low, medium and high, depending on the country and manufacturer of the device. Most fire alarm systems in Europe sound like a siren with alternating frequencies. Fire alarm electronic devices are known as horns in the United States and Canada, and can be either continuous or set to different codes. Fire alarm warning devices can also be set to different volume levels.
Design[edit]
- Toko Maju Jaya Bersama Maju Jaya Bersama adalah perusahaan Retail penjualan alat pemadam kebakaran seperti Fire Alarm, head protector, alarm detector hingga instalasi sistem keamanan pencegahan kebakaran.
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After the fire protection goals are established – usually by referencing the minimum levels of protection mandated by the appropriate model building code, insurance agencies, and other authorities – the fire alarm designer undertakes to detail specific components, arrangements, and interfaces necessary to accomplish these goals. Equipment specifically manufactured for these purposes is selected and standardized installation methods are anticipated during the design.
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- ISO 7240-14 is the international standard for Design, installation, commissioning and service of fire detection and fire alarm system in and around building. this standard was published in August 2013; Status, Published; Edition 1; Technical Committee ISO/TC 21/SC 3 Fire detection and Alarm system.
- NFPA 72, The National Fire Alarm Code is an established and widely used installation standard from United States. In Canada, the ULC is the standard for the fire system.
Last version 2019; Status, Published.This code is part of family standard NFPA
- TS 54 -14 is a Technical Specification (CEN/TS) for Fire detection and fire alarm system - Part 14: Guidelines for planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance. This document has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC72, This document is part of the EN 54 series of standards.This standard was published in October 2018; Status, Published.
There are national codes in each European country for planning, design, installation, commissioning, use and maintenance of fire detection system with additional requiments that are mentioned on TS 54 -14
Saat sensor membaca ada api atau asap maka alarm berbunyi dan valve membuka. Selanjutnya jika sensor sudah tidak membaca adanya asap maupun api maka alarm dan valve mati lagi. Video untuk Project V - 19. Alarm Kebakaran dengan Sensor Api dan Sensor Asap (Gas) berbasis Arduino.
- Germany, Vds 2095[3]
- Italy, UNI 9795[4]
- France NF S61-936[5]
- Spain UNE 23007-14[6]
- United Kingdom BS 5839 Part 1[7]
Parts[edit]
A fire alarm control panel
- Fire alarm control panel (FACP) AKA fire alarm control unit (FACU); This component, the hub of the system, monitors inputs and system integrity, controls outputs and relays information.
- Primary power supply: Commonly the non-switched 120 or 240-volt alternating current source supplied from a commercial power utility. In non-residential applications, a branch circuit is dedicated to the fire alarm system and its constituents. 'Dedicated branch circuits' should not be confused with 'Individual branch circuits' which supply energy to a single appliance.
- Secondary (backup) power supplies: This component, commonly consisting of sealed lead-acid storage batteries or other emergency sources including generators, is used to supply energy in the event of a primary power failure. The batteries can be either inside the bottom of the panel or inside a separate battery box installed near the panel.
- Initiating devices: These components act as inputs to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically activated. Examples would be devices such as pull stations, heat detectors, and smoke detectors. Heat and smoke detectors have different categories of both kinds. Some categories are beam, photoelectric, ionization, aspiration, and duct.
- Fire alarm notification appliance: This component uses energy supplied from the fire alarm system or other stored energy source, to inform the proximate persons of the need to take action, usually to evacuate. This is done by means of a pulsing incandescent light, flashing strobe light, electromechanical horn, siren, electronic horn, chime, bell, speaker, or a combination of these devices. Strobes are either made of a xenon tube (most common) or recently LEDs.
- Building safety interfaces: This interface allows the fire alarm system to control aspects of the built environment and to prepare the building for fire, and to control the spread of smoke fumes and fire by influencing air movement, lighting, process control, human transport and exit.
Initiating devices[edit]
- Manually actuated devices; also known as fire alarm boxes, manual pull stations, or simply pull stations, break glass stations, and (in Europe) call points. Devices for manual fire alarm activation are installed to be readily located (near the exits), identified, and operated. They are usually actuated by means of physical interaction, such as pulling a lever or breaking glass.
- Automatically actuated devices can take many forms intended to respond to any number of detectable physical changes associated with fire: convected thermal energy; heat detector, products of combustion; smoke detector, radiant energy; flame detector, combustion gases; fire gas detector, and release of extinguishing agents; water-flow detector. The newest innovations can use cameras and computer algorithms to analyze the visible effects of fire and movement in applications inappropriate for or hostile to other detection methods[1][2]
Notification appliances[edit]
A speaker and a remote light
- Notification Appliances utilize audible, visible, tactile, textual or even olfactory stimuli (odorizer)[3][4] to alert the occupants of the need to evacuate or take action in the event of a fire or other emergency. Evacuation signals may consist of simple appliances that transmit uncoded information, coded appliances that transmit a predetermined pattern, and or appliances that transmit audible and visible textual information such as live or pre-recorded instructions, and illuminated message displays.
- In the United States, fire alarm evacuation signals generally consist of a standardized audible tone, with visual notification in all public and common use areas. Emergency signals are intended to be distinct and understandable to avoid confusion with other signals.
As per NFPA 72, 18.4.2 (2010 Edition)Temporal Code 3 is the standard audible notification in a modern system. It consists of a repeated 3-pulse cycle (.5s on .5s off .5s on .5s off .5s on 1.5s off). Voice Evacuation is the second most common audible in a modern system. Legacy systems, typically found in older schools and building have used continuous tones alongside other audible schema.
- In the United Kingdom, fire alarm evacuation signals generally consist of a two tone siren with visual notification in all public and common use areas. Some fire alarm devices have an alert signal which is generally used for schools for lesson changes, start of morning break, end of morning break, start of lunch break, end of lunch break and when the school day is over.
- Audible textual appliances, which are employed as part of a fire alarm system that includes Emergency Voice Alarm Communications (EVAC) capabilities. High-reliability speakers are used to notify the occupants of the need for action in connection with a fire or other emergency. These speakers are employed in large facilities where general undirected evacuation is considered impracticable or undesirable. The signals from the speakers are used to direct the occupant's response. The system may be controlled from one or more locations within the building known as Fire Wardens Stations, or from a single location designated as the building Fire Command Center. Speakers are automatically actuated by the fire alarm system in a fire event, and following a pre-alert tone, selected groups of speakers may transmit one or more prerecorded messages directing the occupants to safety. These messages may be repeated in one or more languages. Trained personnel activating and speaking into a dedicated microphone can suppress the replay of automated messages in order to initiate or relay real-time voice instructions.[5]
Emergency voice alarm communication systems[edit]
- Some fire alarm systems utilize emergency voice alarm communication systems (EVAC) [6] to provide pre-recorded and manual voice messages. Voice alarm systems are typically used in high-rise buildings, arenas and other large 'defend-in-place' occupancies such as hospitals and detention facilities where total evacuation is difficult to achieve.[citation needed]
- Voice-based systems provide response personnel with the ability to conduct orderly evacuation and notify building occupants of changing event circumstances.[citation needed]
- In high rise buildings, different evacuation messages may be played to each floor, depending on the location of the fire. The floor the fire is on along with ones above it may be told to evacuate while floors much lower may simply be asked to stand by.[citation needed]
Mass notification systems/emergency communication systems[edit]
- New codes and standards introduced around 2010 especially the new UL Standard 2572, the U.S. Department of Defense's UFC 4-021-01 Design and O&M Mass Notification Systems, and NFPA 72 2010 edition Chapter 24 have led fire alarm system manufacturers to expand their systems voice evacuation capabilities to support new requirements for mass notification including support for multiple types of emergency messaging (i.e. inclement weather emergency, security alerts, amber alerts). The major requirements of a mass notification system are to provide prioritized messaging according to the local facilities emergency response plan. The emergency response team must define the priority of potential emergency events at the site and the fire alarm system must be able to support the promotion and demotion of notifications based on this emergency response plan. Emergency Communication Systems also have requirements for visible notification in coordination with any audible notification activities to meet requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Many manufacturers have made efforts to certify their equipment to meet these new and emerging standards. Mass notification system categories include the following:
- Tier 1 systems are in-building and provide the highest level of survivability
- Tier 2 systems are out of the building and provide the middle level of survivability
- Tier 3 systems are 'At Your Side' and provide the lowest level of survivability
Mass notification systems often extend the notification appliances of a standard fire alarm system to include PC based workstations, text-based digital signage, and a variety of remote notification options including email, text message, RSS feed , or IVR-based telephone text-to-speech messaging.
Building safety interfaces[edit]
[ non-coded fire alarm pull station below a 10' bell.
・Magnetic smoke door holders/retainers: wall mounted solenoids or electromagnets controlled by a fire alarm system or detection component that magnetically secures spring-loaded self-closing smoke tight doors in the open position. Designed to de-magnetize to allow automatic closure of the door on command from the fire control or upon failure of the power source, interconnection or controlling element. Stored energy in the form of a spring or gravity can then close the door to restrict the passage of smoke from one space to another in an effort to maintain a tenable atmosphere on either side of the door during evacuation and fire fighting efforts in buildings. Electromagnetic fire door holders can be hard-wired into the fire panel, radio controlled triggered by radio waves from a central controller connected to a fire panel, or, acoustic, which learn the sound of the fire alarm and release the door upon hearing this exact sound.[7]・Duct mounted smoke detection: smoke detection mounted in such a manner as to sample the airflow through duct work and other plenums specifically fabricated for the transport of environmental air into conditioned spaces. Interconnection to the fan motor control circuits is intended to stop air movement, close dampers and generally prevent the recirculation of toxic smoke and fumes produced by fire into occupiable spaces.・Emergency elevator service: activation of automatic initiating devices associated with elevator operation are used to initiate emergency elevator functions, such as recall of associated elevator cab(s). The recall will cause the elevator cabs to return to the ground level for use by fire service response teams and to ensure that cabs do not return to the floor of fire incidence, in addition to prevent people from becoming trapped in the elevators. Phases of operation include primary recall (typically the ground level), alternate/secondary recall (typically a floor adjacent to the ground level – used when the initiation occurred on the primary level), illumination of the 'fire hat' indicator when an alarm occurs in the elevator hoistway or associated control room, and in some cases shunt trip (disconnect) of elevator power (generally used where the control room or hoistway is protected by fire sprinklers).・Public address rack (PAR): an audio public address rack shall be interfaced with fire alarm system, by adding signaling control relay module to either rack power supply unit, or to the main amplifier driving this rack. The purpose is to 'mute' the BGM (background music) of this rack in case of emergency in case of a fire initiating the true alarm.
US fire alarm system categories[edit]
Fire alarm systems in non-domestic premises are generally designed and installed in accordance with the guidance given in BS 5839 Part 1.There are many types of fire alarm systems each suited to different building types and applications. A fire alarm system can vary dramatically in both price and complexity, from a single panel with a detector and sounder in a small commercial property to an addressable fire alarm system in a multi-occupancy building.
BS 5839 Part 1 categorizes fire alarm systems as:[8]
- 'M' manual system (no automatic fire detectors so the building is fitted with call points and sounders),
- 'L' automatic systems intended for the protection of life, and
- 'P' automatic systems intended for the protection of property.
Categories for automatic systems are further subdivided into L1 to L5, and P1 to P2.
| M | Manual systems, e.g. hand bells, gongs, etc. These may be purely manual or manual electric, the latter may have call points and sounders. They rely on the occupants of the building discovering the fire and acting to warn others by operating the system. Such systems form the basic requirement for places of employment with no sleeping risk. |
|---|---|
| P1 | The system is installed throughout the building – the objective being to call the fire brigade as early as possible to ensure that any damage caused by the fire is minimized. Small low-risk areas can be excepted such as toilets and cupboards less than 1m². |
| P2 | Detection should be provided in parts of the building where the risk of ignition is high and/or the contents are particularly valuable. Category 2 systems provide fire detection in specified parts of the building where there is either high risk or where business disruption must be minimized. |
| L1 | A category L1 system is designed for the protection of life and which has automatic detectors installed throughout all areas of the building (including roof spaces and voids) with the aim of providing the earliest possible warning. A category L1 system is likely to be appropriate for the majority of residential care premises. In practice, detectors should be placed in nearly all spaces and voids. With category 1 systems, the whole of a building is covered apart from minor exceptions. |
| L2 | A category L2 system designed for the protection of life and which has automatic detectors installed in escape routes, rooms adjoining escape routes and high hazard rooms. In medium-sized premises (sleeping no more than ten residents), a category L2 system is ideal. These fire alarm systems are identical to an L3 system but with additional detection in an area where there is a high chance of ignition (e.g., kitchen) or where the risk to people is particularly increased (e.g., sleeping risk). |
| L3 | This category is designed to give early warning to everyone. Detectors should be placed in all escape routes and all rooms that open onto escape routes. Category 3 systems provide more extensive cover than category 4. The objective is to warn the occupants of the building early enough to ensure that all are able to exit the building before escape routes become impassable. |
| L4 | Category 4 systems cover escape routes and circulation areas only. Therefore, detectors will be placed in escape routes, although this may not be suitable depending on the risk assessment or if the size and complexity of a building is increased. Detectors might be sited in other areas of the building, but the objective is to protect the escape route. |
| L5 | This is the 'all other situations' category, e.g., computer rooms, which may be protected with an extinguishing system triggered by automatic detection. Category 5 systems are the 'custom' category and relate to some special requirement that cannot be covered by any other category. |
Zoning[edit]
An important consideration when designing fire alarms is that of individual zones. The following recommendations are found in BS 5839 Part 1:
- A single zone should not exceed 2,000m² in floor space.
- Where addressable systems are in place, two faults should not remove protection from an area greater than 10,000m².
- A building may be viewed as a single zone if the floor space is less than 300m².
- Where the floor space exceeds 300m² then all zones should be restricted to a single floor level.
- Stairwells, lift shafts or other vertical shafts (nonstop risers) within a single fire compartment should be considered as one or more separate zones.
- The maximum distance traveled within a zone to locate the fire should not exceed 60m.
Also, the NFPA recommends placing a list for reference near the FACP showing the devices contained in each zone.
See also[edit]
- EN 54 European Standard for Fire detection.
References[edit]
- ^Chenebert, A.; Breckon, T.P.; Gaszczak, A. (September 2011). 'A Non-temporal Texture Driven Approach to Real-time Fire Detection'. Proc. International Conference on Image Processing(PDF). IEEE. pp. 1781–1784. doi:10.1109/ICIP.2011.6115796. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
- ^Dunnings, A.; Breckon, T.P. (2018). 'Experimentally Defined Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Variants for Non-temporal Real-time Fire Detection'. Proc. International Conference on Image Processing(PDF). IEEE. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^National Fire Protection Association (February 2001). 'Chapter 3 Fundamental Fire Protection Program and Design Elements'. NFPA 805 Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants. National Fire Protection Association. standard: Gaseous Fire Suppression Systems 3.10.7.
- ^National Fire Protection Association (2011). 'Chapter 4 Annex A'. NFPA 12 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems. National Fire Protection Association. standard: A.4.5.6.2.2.
- ^Cote, Arthur E. (March 2000). Fire Protection Handbook eighteenth edition. National Fire Protection Association. pp. 5–8. ISBN0-87765-377-1.
- ^NFPA 72 – National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code – 2010 Edition. National Fire Alarm Association, 2009, Page 118, Subsection 24.4.1
- ^'Fire Door Holders - Geofire'. Geofire. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ^'Fire Industry Association Fact File 0058'. the Fire Industry Association ('FIA'). Archived from the original on 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fire alarm. |
- Example Specification Section 283100 Fire Alarm Systems
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_alarm_system&oldid=906733495'
There is always an instinctive intuition from inside of protecting the one we cherish the most. In this era where the crimes are increasing steadily, adults are concerned about the protection of his or their family and house. So, if you... more
There is always an instinctive intuition from inside of protecting the one we cherish the most. In this era where the crimes are increasing steadily, adults are concerned about the protection of his or their family and house. So, if you are seeking a sense of safety, peace and security, the home alarm systems promise you with all that. The up-to-date home security technology protects your house from incidences like burglary, kidnapping or theft. And, if an intruder enters your house, home alarm systems ensure that anything does not go mysteriously missing in your property. It informs the police and other emergency services immediately. And, if something happened then with the help of home security cameras, police can easily identify the culprit.
These smart and easy to use devices enable you to take care of your house, no matters where you are and what are you doing.
These smart and easy to use devices enable you to take care of your house, no matters where you are and what are you doing.
- by Dwayne Rodgers
- •
Saat ini kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja, baik terjadi di gedung-gedung, perumahan, dan pusat-pusat perbelanjaan maupun juga dihutan. Ada bermacam-macam penyebab terjadinya kebakaran, yaitu korsletting listrik dan bisa juga berupa... more
Saat ini kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja, baik terjadi di gedung-gedung, perumahan, dan pusat-pusat perbelanjaan maupun juga dihutan. Ada bermacam-macam penyebab terjadinya kebakaran, yaitu korsletting listrik dan bisa juga berupa kelalaian-kelalaian kecil seperti meninggalkan kompor dengan keadaan masih menyala dan juga membuang putung rokok sembarangan. Dengan adanya sistem alarm kebakan diharapkan mampu untuk mendeteksi indikasi terjadinya kebakaran dan mengurangi terjadinya kebakaran baik dalam skala besar maupun skala kecil. Sistem alarm kebakaran ini tersusun atas perangkat keras (hardware) dan perangkat lunak (software). Perangkat kerasnya terdiri dari sensor gas MQ-2 dan sensor api Flame Sensor. Untuk sistem minimum mikrokontrollernya menggunakan Arduino Uno R3 sebagai pengendali input dan output, untuk rangkaian display output menggunakan virtual terminal dan rangkaian logic state untuk pernyataan bernilai satu (1) atau high dan nol (0) atau low. Apabila flame sensor dan MQ-2 mendeteksi adanya indikasi kebakaran maka logic state akan bernilai satu (1) atau high, buzzer dan lampu indikator sebagai output akan menyala untuk memberikan peringatan adanya indikasi kebakaran, dan apabila flame sensor dan MQ-2 tidak mendeteksi adanya indikasi kebakaran maka logic state akan bernilai nol (0) atau low, buzzer dan lampu indikator tidak akan menyala untuk memberikan peringatan adanya indikasi kebakaran.
At present fires can occur anywhere, both in buildings, housing, and shopping centers as well as forests. There are various causes of fires, namely electrical short circuiting and can also be in the form of minor negligence such as leaving the stove still on fire and also throwing cigarette nets at random. The presence of a fire alarm system is expected to be able to detect indications of fire and reduce the occurrence of fires both on a large scale and small scale. This fire alarm system is composed of hardware and software. The hardware consists of the MQ-2 gas sensor and the Flame Sensor fire sensor. For a minimum system the microcontroller uses Arduino Uno R3 as an input and output controller, for output display circuits using virtual terminals and a logic state circuit for statements worth one (1) or high and zero (0) or low. If the flame sensor and MQ-2 detect fire indications, the logic state will be worth one (1) or high, buzzer and indicator lights as output will light to give a warning of fire indication, and if the flame sensor and MQ-2 do not detect any indication fire, the logic state will be zero (0) or low, the buzzer and indicator lights will not light to give a warning of an indication of fire.
At present fires can occur anywhere, both in buildings, housing, and shopping centers as well as forests. There are various causes of fires, namely electrical short circuiting and can also be in the form of minor negligence such as leaving the stove still on fire and also throwing cigarette nets at random. The presence of a fire alarm system is expected to be able to detect indications of fire and reduce the occurrence of fires both on a large scale and small scale. This fire alarm system is composed of hardware and software. The hardware consists of the MQ-2 gas sensor and the Flame Sensor fire sensor. For a minimum system the microcontroller uses Arduino Uno R3 as an input and output controller, for output display circuits using virtual terminals and a logic state circuit for statements worth one (1) or high and zero (0) or low. If the flame sensor and MQ-2 detect fire indications, the logic state will be worth one (1) or high, buzzer and indicator lights as output will light to give a warning of fire indication, and if the flame sensor and MQ-2 do not detect any indication fire, the logic state will be zero (0) or low, the buzzer and indicator lights will not light to give a warning of an indication of fire.
- by Hanif D
- •
Fire is one of the most common causes of property damage costing up to billions and the loss of a thousand lives in the Philippines every year, which is often caused by negligence and sheer apathy of its consequences according to Mayuga... more
Fire is one of the most common causes of property damage costing up to billions and the loss of a thousand lives in the Philippines every year, which is often caused by negligence and sheer apathy of its consequences according to Mayuga (2018). Furthermore, the source of income and livelihood of those people who work in these areas obliterated by fire are also taken away due to injuries and property loss of the employer. With our country’s primary agency for fire-fighting and prevention, Bureau of Fire Protection, undermanned and falling short in resources to effectively implement their services in the event of a fire in the previous years as stated by Mayuga (2018), prevention is considered a better option than the cure itself. Thus, to protect lives, investments and property, installing a fire alarm system is a prerequisite of law and obligation for general public safety.
With hard-wired systems being the most tried and tested form of installing a fire alarm in establishments, it also presents the problem of being more difficult and expensive to install especially in old or huge facilities, inflexibility and possible damage to wires which may affect the entire system (Cygnus Alarms, n.d.). On the other hand, as radio and battery technologies improved, the doors for the concept of wireless fire alarm systems opened. Despite being new, more expensive and somehow still less reliable compared to its long-standing and dependable wired counterpart, wireless fire alarms redefined the aspects of fire protection in terms of aesthetics, flexibility, convenience and speed of installation. More from that, the technologies utilized by wireless fire alarms will become more advanced and cheaper in time. Thus, the possibilities for creating a fire alarm system where the advantages outweigh the disadvantages in the future is nigh.
On the other hand, panic alarms present a reliable form of protection in an establishment against possible threats which may pose a serious danger to its inhabitants or the establishment itself. The panic alarm can be utilized to request immediate assistance from medical, local security or police emergency services silently during life-and-death scenarios.
In this project, the researchers have developed the Wireless Alarm Transmission Fire and Panic Alarm System. The system is based on the concept of the Internet of Things, where it utilizes the popular Zigbee technology, which complies under the 802.15.4 Low Power Wireless Mesh Standard for signal transmission in a fire alarm system with an integrated panic alarm.
An area is made under surveillance using the system detectors, called nodes, which are comprised of sensors and buttons to actuate an alarm. For the fire alarm, temperature and smoke are continually monitored in an area, while buttons are also made for both systems to allow manual alarm actuation or device control. The devices are mainly powered through the supply mains but have backup rechargeable batteries for continuous operation during power outages. On the other hand, the devices have built-in failsafe functions which monitor device integrity, battery voltage and current conditions of the power
supply. Whenever an alarm is actuated, three functions are made available to the user to control the operation of the device beforehand or afterwards. These include silence, restore and reset. Signals will mainly be transmitted to the monitoring centre after any significant changes to the operation of the node have been made to notify the end user.
The sink, in general, is capable of receiving alerts from the nodes, which are then displayed through the monitoring software program through colour coding. Additional annunciator units such as strobe lights and high pitched-buzzer were also included to notify any nearby user not directly manning the sink that an emergency alarm has been received. The program also enables the authorized user to activate the fire alarm, periodically check the status of each device, and send remote commands to each device. All conducted tests for the system shows that the system is able to reliably detect automatically and manually-actuated fire and panic alarms signals from the nodes, alongside other actuated signals like trouble, status, supervisory and acknowledgement signals under any power condition. On the other hand, the devices’ operation is also controllable through the devices themselves and the sink as well.
With hard-wired systems being the most tried and tested form of installing a fire alarm in establishments, it also presents the problem of being more difficult and expensive to install especially in old or huge facilities, inflexibility and possible damage to wires which may affect the entire system (Cygnus Alarms, n.d.). On the other hand, as radio and battery technologies improved, the doors for the concept of wireless fire alarm systems opened. Despite being new, more expensive and somehow still less reliable compared to its long-standing and dependable wired counterpart, wireless fire alarms redefined the aspects of fire protection in terms of aesthetics, flexibility, convenience and speed of installation. More from that, the technologies utilized by wireless fire alarms will become more advanced and cheaper in time. Thus, the possibilities for creating a fire alarm system where the advantages outweigh the disadvantages in the future is nigh.
On the other hand, panic alarms present a reliable form of protection in an establishment against possible threats which may pose a serious danger to its inhabitants or the establishment itself. The panic alarm can be utilized to request immediate assistance from medical, local security or police emergency services silently during life-and-death scenarios.
In this project, the researchers have developed the Wireless Alarm Transmission Fire and Panic Alarm System. The system is based on the concept of the Internet of Things, where it utilizes the popular Zigbee technology, which complies under the 802.15.4 Low Power Wireless Mesh Standard for signal transmission in a fire alarm system with an integrated panic alarm.
An area is made under surveillance using the system detectors, called nodes, which are comprised of sensors and buttons to actuate an alarm. For the fire alarm, temperature and smoke are continually monitored in an area, while buttons are also made for both systems to allow manual alarm actuation or device control. The devices are mainly powered through the supply mains but have backup rechargeable batteries for continuous operation during power outages. On the other hand, the devices have built-in failsafe functions which monitor device integrity, battery voltage and current conditions of the power
supply. Whenever an alarm is actuated, three functions are made available to the user to control the operation of the device beforehand or afterwards. These include silence, restore and reset. Signals will mainly be transmitted to the monitoring centre after any significant changes to the operation of the node have been made to notify the end user.
The sink, in general, is capable of receiving alerts from the nodes, which are then displayed through the monitoring software program through colour coding. Additional annunciator units such as strobe lights and high pitched-buzzer were also included to notify any nearby user not directly manning the sink that an emergency alarm has been received. The program also enables the authorized user to activate the fire alarm, periodically check the status of each device, and send remote commands to each device. All conducted tests for the system shows that the system is able to reliably detect automatically and manually-actuated fire and panic alarms signals from the nodes, alongside other actuated signals like trouble, status, supervisory and acknowledgement signals under any power condition. On the other hand, the devices’ operation is also controllable through the devices themselves and the sink as well.
- by Ray Patrick Soriano
- •
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of low-power, large-scale, low-cost sensor nodes to sense environmental conditions (e.g., temperature). Fire is one of the most common hazards in the world so that detection of the fires can... more
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of low-power, large-scale, low-cost sensor nodes to sense environmental conditions (e.g., temperature). Fire is one of the most common hazards in the world so that detection of the fires can prevent a lot of damages to the lives. Fire detection process can be improved by using knowledge-based systems such as fuzzy decision making and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). This paper proposes a detection system, called FSB-System, to predict the fire, suffocation, and burn probabilities over areas using fuzzy theory, MCDM, and an RGB model. The system uses sensing data of the temperature, smoke, and light sensors to determine appropriate, assorted decisions under different conditions. Three fuzzy controllers are suggested in FSB-System: fire fuzzy controller (namely FFC), suffocation fuzzy controller (namely SFC), and burn fuzzy controller (namely BFC). FFC determines the fire probability, SFC measures the suffocation probability, and BFC calculates the burn probability. Sensor nodes are randomly scattered over areas in a way that they form multiple clusters. Non-cluster heads (NCHs) transmit their sensing data to cluster heads (CHs). Furthermore, CHs transmit the gathered data to the native sink to report environmental conditions toward a base station (e.g., a fire department). The number of sinks is determined by a suggested MCDM controller based on network size and the number of clusters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system surpasses the threshold methods in terms of remaining energy, the number of alive nodes, network lifetime, the number of wrong alerts, and financial losses. This system can be applied in various environments including forests, buildings, etc.
- by Mohammad Samadi Gharajeh
- •
We want to aware all about uses of fire alarm system.
- by Kumudini Sahay
- •
Owning a home is a big deal and is among the major life goals of everyone. It is a prized possession and we all try our best to keep it clean, safe and protected. Today everyone has one or the other home security devices installed at... more
Owning a home is a big deal and is among the major life goals of everyone. It is a prized possession and we all try our best to keep it clean, safe and protected. Today everyone has one or the other home security devices installed at their house. But the problem arises when we don’t make our home climate-proof. Every season has its own merits and demerits on home. Winters can be devastating for the house with snow and blizzards, summers has its own list of hindrances like fire. So the million dollar question is, how we can make our house climate protected, so that we don’t have to worry about any season and live every season at our home feeling safe and protected.
- by Dwayne Rodgers
- •
- by samir rabia
- •
- 3
Un nombre élevé, malgré la baisse des vols de voitures au cours des dernières années : en 2016, en fait, ont été un peu plus de 108.000 véhicules volés, comparativement à environ 114.000 en 2015. Une tendance qui reste constante même en... more
Un nombre élevé, malgré la baisse des vols de voitures au cours des dernières années : en 2016, en fait, ont été un peu plus de 108.000 véhicules volés, comparativement à environ 114.000 en 2015.
Une tendance qui reste constante même en 2017 : les recherches confirment en effet que le nombre de vols de voitures en Italie est en baisse, avec un chiffre partiel pour le premier semestre de l'année en baisse de 8,5% par rapport à la même période en 2016.
En bref : les vols de voitures diminuent, mais l'attention doit rester élevée.
Pourquoi ? Etre victime d'un vol de voiture signifie dans 56% des cas ne plus jamais revoir votre véhicule : en 2016, en effet, près de 61 000 voitures volées ont disparu dans les airs. Cette fois, un chiffre qui n'a cessé de croître au fil des ans : alors qu'en 2007, 53 % des voitures volées ont été retrouvées, 10 ans plus tard, cette solution ne se produit que dans 44 % des cas.
Cela est dû aux méthodes de plus en plus sophistiquées et à la formation croissante des criminels.
Comment se défendre ? Voici un guide rapide des principales techniques de vol de voitures et des meilleures solutions pour les combattre.
La plupart des voitures volées
Vol de voiture : les 3 techniques les plus utilisées et les solutions les plus efficaces
Au fil des ans, l'activité de vol s'est organisée : les voleurs ont évolué et ont ajouté aux anciennes techniques de cambriolage de nouvelles compétences technologiques pour mettre hors d'usage les systèmes centralisés de contrôle et d'alarme. En Italie, on estime que 20% des voitures sont volées par voie électronique, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de véhicules de nouvelle génération.
Comment les voitures sont-elles volées ? Voici les 3 techniques les plus courantes.
Introduction par effraction dans le véhicule
Bris de vitre, porte forcée, serrure trafiquée : ce sont là quelques-unes des techniques les plus rudimentaires utilisées par les voleurs de voitures. Comment se défendre ? Equiper le véhicule d'un système antivol, de préférence par satellite. Les systèmes antivol par satellite de dernière génération, en effet, déclenchent une alarme en cas de tentative d'effraction aux portes, de levage ou d'allumage, envoient un signal à la centrale, verrouillent le moteur à distance et démarrent la localisation du véhicule, pour surveiller le parcours.
Attaque de brouilleur
Des voleurs à la fine pointe de la technologie volent des voitures à l'aide d'appareils électroniques qui désactivent les dispositifs antivol des satellites et perturbent les signaux GSM et GPS. Comme les brouilleurs : dispositifs qui isolent les connexions, empêchent la voiture de signaler les vols et empêchent leur localisation. Comment se défendre contre le vol de voiture avec des attaques de brouilleurs ? L'installation sur le véhicule d'alarmes antivol intelligentes par satellite, telles que Sirio et Excellence proposées par ARX, qui détectent la perturbation du brouilleur et, anticipant la tentative imminente de vol de voiture, déclenchent l'alarme et bloquent le moteur.
Falsification du système sans clé
De plus en plus de voitures sont équipées de la technologie sans clé : la voiture s'ouvre et démarre uniquement avec une commande électrique, sans avoir besoin d'insérer la clé mécaniquement. C'est parmi les ondes de ce signal que les voleurs de voitures insèrent, faisant rebondir à travers les répéteurs de radiofréquence la communication entre la clé et le véhicule, même à grande distance. En amplifiant le signal, la voiture est trompée et reçoit l'impulsion d'ouvrir, même si le propriétaire est éloigné. Une fois le moteur démarré, le véhicule commence à rouler jusqu'au premier arrêt, généralement à l'extrémité du réservoir ou à un endroit protégé des regards indiscrets. Comment vous protéger ? En équipant le véhicule d'un appareil GPS, mieux vaut le cacher, capable de suivre les mouvements du véhicule et de permettre la localisation de la voiture.
Une tendance qui reste constante même en 2017 : les recherches confirment en effet que le nombre de vols de voitures en Italie est en baisse, avec un chiffre partiel pour le premier semestre de l'année en baisse de 8,5% par rapport à la même période en 2016.
En bref : les vols de voitures diminuent, mais l'attention doit rester élevée.
Pourquoi ? Etre victime d'un vol de voiture signifie dans 56% des cas ne plus jamais revoir votre véhicule : en 2016, en effet, près de 61 000 voitures volées ont disparu dans les airs. Cette fois, un chiffre qui n'a cessé de croître au fil des ans : alors qu'en 2007, 53 % des voitures volées ont été retrouvées, 10 ans plus tard, cette solution ne se produit que dans 44 % des cas.
Cela est dû aux méthodes de plus en plus sophistiquées et à la formation croissante des criminels.
Comment se défendre ? Voici un guide rapide des principales techniques de vol de voitures et des meilleures solutions pour les combattre.
La plupart des voitures volées
Vol de voiture : les 3 techniques les plus utilisées et les solutions les plus efficaces
Au fil des ans, l'activité de vol s'est organisée : les voleurs ont évolué et ont ajouté aux anciennes techniques de cambriolage de nouvelles compétences technologiques pour mettre hors d'usage les systèmes centralisés de contrôle et d'alarme. En Italie, on estime que 20% des voitures sont volées par voie électronique, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de véhicules de nouvelle génération.
Comment les voitures sont-elles volées ? Voici les 3 techniques les plus courantes.
Introduction par effraction dans le véhicule
Bris de vitre, porte forcée, serrure trafiquée : ce sont là quelques-unes des techniques les plus rudimentaires utilisées par les voleurs de voitures. Comment se défendre ? Equiper le véhicule d'un système antivol, de préférence par satellite. Les systèmes antivol par satellite de dernière génération, en effet, déclenchent une alarme en cas de tentative d'effraction aux portes, de levage ou d'allumage, envoient un signal à la centrale, verrouillent le moteur à distance et démarrent la localisation du véhicule, pour surveiller le parcours.
Attaque de brouilleur
Des voleurs à la fine pointe de la technologie volent des voitures à l'aide d'appareils électroniques qui désactivent les dispositifs antivol des satellites et perturbent les signaux GSM et GPS. Comme les brouilleurs : dispositifs qui isolent les connexions, empêchent la voiture de signaler les vols et empêchent leur localisation. Comment se défendre contre le vol de voiture avec des attaques de brouilleurs ? L'installation sur le véhicule d'alarmes antivol intelligentes par satellite, telles que Sirio et Excellence proposées par ARX, qui détectent la perturbation du brouilleur et, anticipant la tentative imminente de vol de voiture, déclenchent l'alarme et bloquent le moteur.
Falsification du système sans clé
De plus en plus de voitures sont équipées de la technologie sans clé : la voiture s'ouvre et démarre uniquement avec une commande électrique, sans avoir besoin d'insérer la clé mécaniquement. C'est parmi les ondes de ce signal que les voleurs de voitures insèrent, faisant rebondir à travers les répéteurs de radiofréquence la communication entre la clé et le véhicule, même à grande distance. En amplifiant le signal, la voiture est trompée et reçoit l'impulsion d'ouvrir, même si le propriétaire est éloigné. Une fois le moteur démarré, le véhicule commence à rouler jusqu'au premier arrêt, généralement à l'extrémité du réservoir ou à un endroit protégé des regards indiscrets. Comment vous protéger ? En équipant le véhicule d'un appareil GPS, mieux vaut le cacher, capable de suivre les mouvements du véhicule et de permettre la localisation de la voiture.
- by Alarme Suisse
- •
- 4
Conseils pour bien choisir son système d’alarme Nous ne voulons pas vous alarmer mais, selon les services de police, de nombreuses maisons sont cambriolées chaque année dans notre pays. Pour éviter d'être victime d'un cambriolage,... more
Conseils pour bien choisir son système d’alarme
Nous ne voulons pas vous alarmer mais, selon les services de police, de nombreuses maisons sont cambriolées chaque année dans notre pays.
Pour éviter d'être victime d'un cambriolage, l'acquisition d'un système de sécurité à domicile est votre meilleure option. Nous avons passé des dizaines d'heures à faire des recherches et à parler avec des clients. Assurez-vous de lire nos conclusions sur le meilleur système de sécurité à domicile pour vous protéger vous et votre maison.
En plus de cet examen approfondi, voici une liste de dix choses que vous devriez savoir avant d'acheter un système de sécurité pour votre domicile. Vous apprendrez non seulement les éléments de base, mais aussi ce qu'il faut rechercher dans un système pour protéger vos objets de valeur et votre famille.
1. Les dispositifs de protection des biens protègent les objets de valeur.
Vous pouvez installer des dispositifs qui vous avertiront si vos objets de valeur ont été altérés. Les dispositifs de protection des biens vous permettent de savoir quand, par exemple, une boîte à bijoux a été ouverte, une peinture a été déplacée ou un coffre-fort a été trafiqué, même s'il n'y a aucune preuve physique.
Les dispositifs de protection des biens ne sont pas seulement bénéfiques en cas de vol, ils vous apportent également la tranquillité d'esprit. Par exemple, si un réparateur ou un nettoyeur de maison vient chez vous pendant votre absence, vous saurez s'il a dérangé vos objets de valeur. Lorsque vous pensez aux dispositifs de protection des biens, pensez au nombre dont vous aurez besoin.
2. Les alarmes antivol ne sont pas des systèmes de sécurité résidentiels.
Il existe d'importantes différences entre un système d'alarme antivol et un système de sécurité résidentiel ; ce dernier offre des avantages supplémentaires pour vous aider à vous protéger, vous et votre famille, et c'est peut-être le meilleur investissement. Avant de prendre une décision d’achat, il est important que vous sachiez ce que vous obtenez, ce qui est protégé et comment le système fonctionne.
Une alarme antivol est le type traditionnel de système d'alarme qui comporte des capteurs sur les portes et les fenêtres. Elle vous avertira ou avertira les forces de l'ordre qu'un intrus s'est introduit dans votre maison. C'est extrêmement bénéfique, mais un système de sécurité pour la maison peut aussi vous avertir des dangers environnementaux, comme le feu, le monoxyde de carbone et même les inondations.
Votre maison est-elle sûre ? Les conceptions modernes exigent une sécurité moderne.
3. Les systèmes de sécurité fonctionnent même en cas de panne de courant.
De nombreux propriétaires s'inquiètent de la façon dont le système de sécurité de leur maison est alimenté. Supposons que vous soyez en vacances et que vous appreniez qu'il y a eu une tempête dans votre quartier qui a coupé l'électricité. Le système de sécurité de votre maison est-il toujours en fonction ? Votre maison est-elle protégée ? Devriez-vous rentrer chez vous ?
Ne vous inquiétez pas : Peu importe le type de système que vous possédez, il continuera de fonctionner même lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'électricité dans votre maison. Un système traditionnel alimenté à l'électricité est généralement à basse tension, ce qui signifie qu'il ne nécessite pas beaucoup d'énergie pour le faire fonctionner. Et ces types de systèmes contiennent une grande batterie qui assure la sauvegarde du système lorsque l'alimentation principale est coupée.
Les systèmes d’alarmes sont offerts dans une variété de tailles qui peuvent être personnalisées pour répondre à vos besoins.
4. La taille compte.
Bien que certaines entreprises de sécurité puissent vous dire qu'il n'y a qu'un seul type de système de sécurité pour tout le monde, ce n'est pas vrai. En fait, plusieurs types et tailles sont disponibles, chacun d'entre eux pouvant être personnalisé pour répondre à vos besoins. Bien sûr, cela coûtera plus cher, mais cela vous procurera aussi un niveau de sécurité plus élevé, car il sera conçu spécifiquement pour s'adapter à votre maison et à votre mode de vie.
Un petit système peut convenir pour un appartement ou une petite maison. Si votre maison est plus grande, vous aurez besoin d'un système qui peut traiter une plus grande quantité d'information. Une grande maison nécessite un système qui couvre toutes les portes et fenêtres, ainsi que le terrain.
Même si votre budget est limité, vous pouvez avoir un système de sécurité.
5. Les systèmes de sécurité à domicile sont abordables.
Même si votre budget est limité, vous pouvez avoir un système de sécurité à domicile. Vous voudrez peut-être considérer
Nous ne voulons pas vous alarmer mais, selon les services de police, de nombreuses maisons sont cambriolées chaque année dans notre pays.
Pour éviter d'être victime d'un cambriolage, l'acquisition d'un système de sécurité à domicile est votre meilleure option. Nous avons passé des dizaines d'heures à faire des recherches et à parler avec des clients. Assurez-vous de lire nos conclusions sur le meilleur système de sécurité à domicile pour vous protéger vous et votre maison.
En plus de cet examen approfondi, voici une liste de dix choses que vous devriez savoir avant d'acheter un système de sécurité pour votre domicile. Vous apprendrez non seulement les éléments de base, mais aussi ce qu'il faut rechercher dans un système pour protéger vos objets de valeur et votre famille.
1. Les dispositifs de protection des biens protègent les objets de valeur.
Vous pouvez installer des dispositifs qui vous avertiront si vos objets de valeur ont été altérés. Les dispositifs de protection des biens vous permettent de savoir quand, par exemple, une boîte à bijoux a été ouverte, une peinture a été déplacée ou un coffre-fort a été trafiqué, même s'il n'y a aucune preuve physique.
Les dispositifs de protection des biens ne sont pas seulement bénéfiques en cas de vol, ils vous apportent également la tranquillité d'esprit. Par exemple, si un réparateur ou un nettoyeur de maison vient chez vous pendant votre absence, vous saurez s'il a dérangé vos objets de valeur. Lorsque vous pensez aux dispositifs de protection des biens, pensez au nombre dont vous aurez besoin.
2. Les alarmes antivol ne sont pas des systèmes de sécurité résidentiels.
Il existe d'importantes différences entre un système d'alarme antivol et un système de sécurité résidentiel ; ce dernier offre des avantages supplémentaires pour vous aider à vous protéger, vous et votre famille, et c'est peut-être le meilleur investissement. Avant de prendre une décision d’achat, il est important que vous sachiez ce que vous obtenez, ce qui est protégé et comment le système fonctionne.
Une alarme antivol est le type traditionnel de système d'alarme qui comporte des capteurs sur les portes et les fenêtres. Elle vous avertira ou avertira les forces de l'ordre qu'un intrus s'est introduit dans votre maison. C'est extrêmement bénéfique, mais un système de sécurité pour la maison peut aussi vous avertir des dangers environnementaux, comme le feu, le monoxyde de carbone et même les inondations.
Votre maison est-elle sûre ? Les conceptions modernes exigent une sécurité moderne.
3. Les systèmes de sécurité fonctionnent même en cas de panne de courant.
De nombreux propriétaires s'inquiètent de la façon dont le système de sécurité de leur maison est alimenté. Supposons que vous soyez en vacances et que vous appreniez qu'il y a eu une tempête dans votre quartier qui a coupé l'électricité. Le système de sécurité de votre maison est-il toujours en fonction ? Votre maison est-elle protégée ? Devriez-vous rentrer chez vous ?
Ne vous inquiétez pas : Peu importe le type de système que vous possédez, il continuera de fonctionner même lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'électricité dans votre maison. Un système traditionnel alimenté à l'électricité est généralement à basse tension, ce qui signifie qu'il ne nécessite pas beaucoup d'énergie pour le faire fonctionner. Et ces types de systèmes contiennent une grande batterie qui assure la sauvegarde du système lorsque l'alimentation principale est coupée.
Les systèmes d’alarmes sont offerts dans une variété de tailles qui peuvent être personnalisées pour répondre à vos besoins.
4. La taille compte.
Bien que certaines entreprises de sécurité puissent vous dire qu'il n'y a qu'un seul type de système de sécurité pour tout le monde, ce n'est pas vrai. En fait, plusieurs types et tailles sont disponibles, chacun d'entre eux pouvant être personnalisé pour répondre à vos besoins. Bien sûr, cela coûtera plus cher, mais cela vous procurera aussi un niveau de sécurité plus élevé, car il sera conçu spécifiquement pour s'adapter à votre maison et à votre mode de vie.
Un petit système peut convenir pour un appartement ou une petite maison. Si votre maison est plus grande, vous aurez besoin d'un système qui peut traiter une plus grande quantité d'information. Une grande maison nécessite un système qui couvre toutes les portes et fenêtres, ainsi que le terrain.
Même si votre budget est limité, vous pouvez avoir un système de sécurité.
5. Les systèmes de sécurité à domicile sont abordables.
Même si votre budget est limité, vous pouvez avoir un système de sécurité à domicile. Vous voudrez peut-être considérer
- by cedric ivan
- •
Qutak Security Devices addressing the biggest challenge of the world of safety and bringing forth energy efficient solutions for the same. Blending science and technology with expertise, we have developed revolutionary range of #Fire... more
Qutak Security Devices addressing the biggest challenge of the world of safety and bringing forth energy efficient solutions for the same. Blending science and technology with expertise, we have developed revolutionary range of #Fire Detection, #Fire Fighting, #Security System & Surveillance Systems.
- by qutak_smoke _detectors
- •
Aim: The aim of this article is to present the results of the initial research aiming at gathering civilian population’s opinions on whether it is necessary and possible to introduce into common use smart-phone and desktop applications... more
Aim: The aim of this article is to present the results of the initial research aiming at gathering civilian population’s opinions on whether it is necessary
and possible to introduce into common use smart-phone and desktop applications for real-time threat warning. The data collected, following their verification
and authorisation by the relevant dispatch centre, will become part of the system of monitoring, warning and alarming about possible threats.
Project and methods: In the research use was made of the diagnostic survey method for the collection of data. With an appropriate technique, this
method makes it possible to survey a large group of respondents relatively fast and reliably. In this case, the technique employed was the questionnaire.
The tool developed for this questionnaire consisted of seven content-related questions designed to investigate into people’s opinions on whether there
was a need for designing an app to provide a greater level of citizen involvement in disseminating information on threats.
Results: The results suggest that the respondents showed interest in the tool’s being designed, and a relatively good understanding of how it should
essentially work. Obviously, there were some discrepancies in the responses with regard to its final form and function. The responses indicating that this tool will primarily be used by the services, inspections, brigades and guards might be a cause for concern, although it seems that these answers result
from a lack of knowledge and awareness on the part of the respondents. A public awareness campaign and in-app instructions should be sufficient to
change this perception.
Conclusions: An analysis of the survey results has led to the following conclusions:
– There is a need to develop an interactive app which would allow civilians to become actively involved in the process of monitoring threats;
– It seems necessary to establish units (dispatch centres), to verify the information received at the local level, i.e. in districts (powiat).
– An extremely important element in the process of implementing the application for general use is to prepare the public in terms of the relevant knowledge,
and volitional and ethical aspects;
– The application should have a clear manual and tutorial. It is recommended to develop analogous and fully compatible versions of the app for mobile
and stationary devices;
– It is also necessary to convince the public of the need and purposefulness of using the application.
and possible to introduce into common use smart-phone and desktop applications for real-time threat warning. The data collected, following their verification
and authorisation by the relevant dispatch centre, will become part of the system of monitoring, warning and alarming about possible threats.
Project and methods: In the research use was made of the diagnostic survey method for the collection of data. With an appropriate technique, this
method makes it possible to survey a large group of respondents relatively fast and reliably. In this case, the technique employed was the questionnaire.
The tool developed for this questionnaire consisted of seven content-related questions designed to investigate into people’s opinions on whether there
was a need for designing an app to provide a greater level of citizen involvement in disseminating information on threats.
Results: The results suggest that the respondents showed interest in the tool’s being designed, and a relatively good understanding of how it should
essentially work. Obviously, there were some discrepancies in the responses with regard to its final form and function. The responses indicating that this tool will primarily be used by the services, inspections, brigades and guards might be a cause for concern, although it seems that these answers result
from a lack of knowledge and awareness on the part of the respondents. A public awareness campaign and in-app instructions should be sufficient to
change this perception.
Conclusions: An analysis of the survey results has led to the following conclusions:
– There is a need to develop an interactive app which would allow civilians to become actively involved in the process of monitoring threats;
– It seems necessary to establish units (dispatch centres), to verify the information received at the local level, i.e. in districts (powiat).
– An extremely important element in the process of implementing the application for general use is to prepare the public in terms of the relevant knowledge,
and volitional and ethical aspects;
– The application should have a clear manual and tutorial. It is recommended to develop analogous and fully compatible versions of the app for mobile
and stationary devices;
– It is also necessary to convince the public of the need and purposefulness of using the application.
- by Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza Safety & Fire Technique
- •
Objective: The objective of this article is to present delays in the standardisation of smoke alarm devices in relation to the present technological advancement of such devices, and to identify errors and irregularities in draft prEN... more
Objective: The objective of this article is to present delays in the standardisation of smoke alarm devices in relation to the present technological advancement
of such devices, and to identify errors and irregularities in draft prEN 14604 standard. In addition, the project aims at proposing directions for the
quantitative evaluation of a number of parameters of smoke alarm devices.
Background: The article presents a brief history of the development of smoke alarm devices (from the first type 710 ionisation smoke detector to
ASD-10QR miniature autonomous smoke detector and Nest Protect multi-sensor detector), along with the history of the relevant international standards
(from the first ISO 12239 to draft rEN 14604:2016).
Methods: The main principles of the draft standard prEN 14604, which differ from those present in the currently binding EN 14604:2005, are discussed.
Attention is drawn to the unacceptable use of various terms for one concept in the reference standard. Technical errors in images are demonstrated. The
content of specific clauses of the standard is suggested, along with the proposed addition of quantitative parameters for the technical requirements for smoke alarm devices. A method of checking the mechanism of sensitivity fluctuation compensation in smoke alarm devices is proposed by retaining
a high stability and the necessary rate of optical air density rise in a limited volume.
Results: The abbreviation SAD (Smoke Alarm Devices) is proposed and used in the entire text. Errors in figures included in Annexes G and I are demonstrated,
and the new wording of Clause 3.1.6 is proposed. A suggestion is also made to introduce changes to Clause 4.2.1.1 and 4.2.1.5, along with adding
a new content to Clause 3.1.7. Evidence proving the non-equivalence of response value and sensitivity is presented. The possibility of creating a station
for checking the mechanism of sensitivity fluctuation compensation in smoke alarm devices is indicated. The necessity of introducing the quantitative
evaluation of the forces impacting on the device components is confirmed, in order to make the study results unambiguous. Finally, the need to change
the technical requirements for wall-mounting smoke alarm devices is indicated.
Conclusions: Taking into consideration the proposed changes to the European and national standards will make it possible to develop standards which
will be unambiguously interpreted during smoke alarm device tests carried out in research laboratories and in production environment.
of such devices, and to identify errors and irregularities in draft prEN 14604 standard. In addition, the project aims at proposing directions for the
quantitative evaluation of a number of parameters of smoke alarm devices.
Background: The article presents a brief history of the development of smoke alarm devices (from the first type 710 ionisation smoke detector to
ASD-10QR miniature autonomous smoke detector and Nest Protect multi-sensor detector), along with the history of the relevant international standards
(from the first ISO 12239 to draft rEN 14604:2016).
Methods: The main principles of the draft standard prEN 14604, which differ from those present in the currently binding EN 14604:2005, are discussed.
Attention is drawn to the unacceptable use of various terms for one concept in the reference standard. Technical errors in images are demonstrated. The
content of specific clauses of the standard is suggested, along with the proposed addition of quantitative parameters for the technical requirements for smoke alarm devices. A method of checking the mechanism of sensitivity fluctuation compensation in smoke alarm devices is proposed by retaining
a high stability and the necessary rate of optical air density rise in a limited volume.
Results: The abbreviation SAD (Smoke Alarm Devices) is proposed and used in the entire text. Errors in figures included in Annexes G and I are demonstrated,
and the new wording of Clause 3.1.6 is proposed. A suggestion is also made to introduce changes to Clause 4.2.1.1 and 4.2.1.5, along with adding
a new content to Clause 3.1.7. Evidence proving the non-equivalence of response value and sensitivity is presented. The possibility of creating a station
for checking the mechanism of sensitivity fluctuation compensation in smoke alarm devices is indicated. The necessity of introducing the quantitative
evaluation of the forces impacting on the device components is confirmed, in order to make the study results unambiguous. Finally, the need to change
the technical requirements for wall-mounting smoke alarm devices is indicated.
Conclusions: Taking into consideration the proposed changes to the European and national standards will make it possible to develop standards which
will be unambiguously interpreted during smoke alarm device tests carried out in research laboratories and in production environment.
- by Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza Safety & Fire Technique
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Abstrak Kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja, baik di gedung-gedung, perumahan, pusat-pusat perbelanjaan maupun di hutan. Penyebab kebakaran bermacam-macam, ada yang disebabkan terjadinya korsletting listrik dan ada pula karena kelalaian... more
Abstrak Kebakaran dapat terjadi dimana saja, baik di gedung-gedung, perumahan, pusat-pusat perbelanjaan maupun di hutan. Penyebab kebakaran bermacam-macam, ada yang disebabkan terjadinya korsletting listrik dan ada pula karena kelalaian kecil seperti meninggalkan kompor yang masih menyala serta membuang puntung rokok secara sembarangan. Penggunaan sistem alarm kebakaran diharapkan mampu untuk mengurangi kebakaran dalam skala yang lebih besar yaitu sistem ini mampu mendeteksi indikasi kebakaran. Sistem ini tersusun atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Perangkat keras terdiri dari sensor asap MQ2 dan sensor suhu LM35. Sistem minimum mikrokontroler Arduino Uno sebagai pengendali input dan output, rangkaian display output menggunakan LCD. Apabila suhu melebihi batas normal ≥ 45ºC dan terdeteksi adanya asap maka LCD, buzzer dan lampu indikator sebagai output akan memberikan peringatan adanya kebakaran. Kata Kunci : Alarm kebakaran, MQ2, LM35, Arduino Uno.
- by Fauzi Pitra
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NFPA 72 - Fire Alarm Systems Plan Review Checklist
- by samir rabia
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This article paper is one of the “Most Read” in the LinkedIn Publishing platform, which has been made and provides a course background based on hands-on experiences with the requirement of Fire System Design and Analysis as part of the... more
This article paper is one of the “Most Read” in the LinkedIn Publishing platform, which has been made and provides a course background based on hands-on experiences with the requirement of Fire System Design and Analysis as part of the building built design and construction involving any facilities, which is an environmental design process and management from start to finish methodology. An introduction that will give a glimpse concerning the Fire System design within the building construction based on the client requirement and purpose of the development that explains and discuss the critical phases, elements, usage, and functions of every detail of the project. Moreover, this article talked about fire scenario that was happened in the Europe region within the two high rise building aspects due to the negligence of concerned parties and developer that caused residents fatalities and accidents drastically.
This article is an excerpt topic and edited from 'Fire System Design and Analysis' approved AIUs Master Subject Curriculum Course of a research thesis submitted to the Atlantic International University School of Science and Engineering (AIU SCE USA) with a Grade of 4.00 ('A+') earned the Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 2010-2012 with 3.78 GPA. However, this thesis write-up is one of the sources in the Thesis Dissertation from PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) Master of Science in Construction Management (MSCM). Also, a theoretical background of Ph.D. Course Thesis, “Building Fire Protection and Safety Engineering,” from the AIU SCE USA with an excellent marked “A+” (4.00) grade earned for this doctoral course subject, 2016-18 – Ph.D.in Building and Construction Engineering.
This article is an excerpt topic and edited from 'Fire System Design and Analysis' approved AIUs Master Subject Curriculum Course of a research thesis submitted to the Atlantic International University School of Science and Engineering (AIU SCE USA) with a Grade of 4.00 ('A+') earned the Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering in 2010-2012 with 3.78 GPA. However, this thesis write-up is one of the sources in the Thesis Dissertation from PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) Master of Science in Construction Management (MSCM). Also, a theoretical background of Ph.D. Course Thesis, “Building Fire Protection and Safety Engineering,” from the AIU SCE USA with an excellent marked “A+” (4.00) grade earned for this doctoral course subject, 2016-18 – Ph.D.in Building and Construction Engineering.
- by Ronald V Gomeseria, PhD
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This article paper has been made and published at the LinkedIn Publishing as one of the “Most Read Article” as well as in the Academia Publishing platform. However, I intend to re-publish in the ReseachGate Publishing Network that has... more
This article paper has been made and published at the LinkedIn Publishing as one of the “Most Read Article” as well as in the Academia Publishing platform. However, I intend to re-publish in the ReseachGate Publishing Network that has been edited which will give and provide a course background based on hands-on experiences with the requirement of Fire Protection and Safety Engineering in the building built construction involving any facilities. It is also an environmental process and management from start to finish methodology at the design stage to the construction and building operation, whereas discussed the economic analysis of the fire sprinkler system in a high-rise building facility.
Moreover, this article paper is an excerpt information in the course subject from my 'Fire System Design and Analysis' approved AIUs Master Subject Curriculum Course and used as references of my Thesis Dissertation for my application to be a Licensed Professional Mechanical Engineer (PME) includes Oral Defense with a grade of 'Distinction' given by the Philippines Professional Regulation Commission Board of Mechanical Engineering in 2010. And this has been modified, evaluated and edited in my research thesis in align with the subject course submitted to the Atlantic International University (AIU USA) with a Grade of 4.00 ('A'), and graduated with Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering (MSc-Honour) in 2012 with 3.78 US GPA. However, this thesis write-up was one of the sources in my Thesis Dissertation with my PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) Master of Science in Construction Management (MSCM) studies.
Moreover, this article paper is an excerpt information in the course subject from my 'Fire System Design and Analysis' approved AIUs Master Subject Curriculum Course and used as references of my Thesis Dissertation for my application to be a Licensed Professional Mechanical Engineer (PME) includes Oral Defense with a grade of 'Distinction' given by the Philippines Professional Regulation Commission Board of Mechanical Engineering in 2010. And this has been modified, evaluated and edited in my research thesis in align with the subject course submitted to the Atlantic International University (AIU USA) with a Grade of 4.00 ('A'), and graduated with Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering (MSc-Honour) in 2012 with 3.78 US GPA. However, this thesis write-up was one of the sources in my Thesis Dissertation with my PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) Master of Science in Construction Management (MSCM) studies.
- by Ronald V Gomeseria, PhD
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This article paper was one of the “Most Read Article with 620+ views published via LinkedIn Publishing Network page last January 20, 2018. The document has been prepared to provide a course background with the requirement of the Authority... more
This article paper was one of the “Most Read Article with 620+ views published via LinkedIn Publishing Network page last January 20, 2018. The document has been prepared to provide a course background with the requirement of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) which is the QCDD (Qatar Civil Defense Department) for the Fire Detection and Alarm System (FDAS) on all building built scales applications within the building built environment in Qatar constructions specifically. However, this article paper also applies in other state or country around the world in the protection building properties and lives. And thus, provides a learning process and experiences that will involve within the course of my study and research over time in particular with Fire Protection and Safety Engineering, and sharing with you something on the design aspect and even in the construction side.
- by Ronald V Gomeseria, PhD
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Introduction: The effectiveness of fire risk notification depends not only on the speed of getting the message to the recipient. This information should also be noticed by people who, at that moment, for various reasons cannot hear it.... more
Introduction: The effectiveness of fire risk notification depends not only on the speed of getting the message to the recipient. This information should also be noticed by people who, at that moment, for various reasons cannot hear it. The tests are carried out based on the guidelines of European Standard EN 54-23:2010. This document makes it easier for designers of fire alarm systems to select a proper visual alarm device for a specific room. The needs of disabled people were taken into account and medical aspects were included that may arise while using VADs. The article presents the construction and modus operandi of the measuring device used to measure the source of flash light and synchronization.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present selected test methods of visual alarm devices. The authors have adopted as the purpose of study to acquaint the reader with various aspects introducing a European Standard EN 54-23:2010 (Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Part 23: Fire alarm devices - Visual alarm devices) when conducting tests. The aim of this article is to familiarize interested people with the measuring device located at the Laboratory of Fire Alarm Systems and Fire Automation in CNBOP-PIB. This work presents the results of tests that have been conducted at the laboratory. It also includes their evaluation and conclusions.
Methods and results: The article describes three basic categories by which visual alarm devices should be classified. The division takes into account the method of mounting the device in buildings. This division allows to specify the size and shape of the area covered by the signaling light. It provides guidance on the assortment of the distance between the devices. Laboratory tests consist of making multiple series of measurements of the effective light intensity. Measurements are made in two perpendicular planes, and at the same distance. This allows to precisely determinate the shape and dimensions of the area which is supported by a single visual alarm device. Moreover, the method of measuring the synchronization of two VADs is described in the article. Time differences between two flashes were measured. The measurements were made during 30 minutes after the supply has been applied to the devices.
Conclusions and summary: Measurements of light emitted by the VAD conducted at the laboratory allow to specify the category and application area of a visual alarm device. Due to the conducted measurements, a visual alarm device may be selected for a specific application and adverse situations can be avoided, for example: for people with symptoms of epilepsy. The measuring devices located in the laboratory improve tests conducted at the laboratory and provide valuable information for designers of the visual alarm devices.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present selected test methods of visual alarm devices. The authors have adopted as the purpose of study to acquaint the reader with various aspects introducing a European Standard EN 54-23:2010 (Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Part 23: Fire alarm devices - Visual alarm devices) when conducting tests. The aim of this article is to familiarize interested people with the measuring device located at the Laboratory of Fire Alarm Systems and Fire Automation in CNBOP-PIB. This work presents the results of tests that have been conducted at the laboratory. It also includes their evaluation and conclusions.
Methods and results: The article describes three basic categories by which visual alarm devices should be classified. The division takes into account the method of mounting the device in buildings. This division allows to specify the size and shape of the area covered by the signaling light. It provides guidance on the assortment of the distance between the devices. Laboratory tests consist of making multiple series of measurements of the effective light intensity. Measurements are made in two perpendicular planes, and at the same distance. This allows to precisely determinate the shape and dimensions of the area which is supported by a single visual alarm device. Moreover, the method of measuring the synchronization of two VADs is described in the article. Time differences between two flashes were measured. The measurements were made during 30 minutes after the supply has been applied to the devices.
Conclusions and summary: Measurements of light emitted by the VAD conducted at the laboratory allow to specify the category and application area of a visual alarm device. Due to the conducted measurements, a visual alarm device may be selected for a specific application and adverse situations can be avoided, for example: for people with symptoms of epilepsy. The measuring devices located in the laboratory improve tests conducted at the laboratory and provide valuable information for designers of the visual alarm devices.
- by Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza Safety & Fire Technique
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Fire Alarm menjadi salah satu perangkat keamanan yang paling penting dan perlu dirancang sedini mungkin, ketika akan membuat project pembangunan gedung, perumahan, perkantoran, rumah sakit, maupun sarana publik lainnya. Meskipun Fire... more
Fire Alarm menjadi salah satu perangkat keamanan yang paling penting dan perlu dirancang sedini mungkin, ketika akan membuat project pembangunan gedung, perumahan, perkantoran, rumah sakit, maupun sarana publik lainnya.
Meskipun Fire Alarm bukan salah satu perlengkapan keselamatan, tetapi Fire Alarm memberikan manfaat paling besar dalam mencegah terjadinya korban jiwa dan penanganan sedini mungkin saat terjadi kebakaran.
Secara tidak langsung, Fire Alarm dapat mengurangi dampak kerugian secara moril dan materil.
Pemilihan Fire Alarm System juga sangat penting karena menyangkut efektivitas, budget, dan pertimbangan dalam hal perawatan dan perbaikan.
Secara umum terdapat dua Fire Alarm System, yaitu Fire Alarm Konvensional dan Fire Alarm Addressable. Masing-masing Fire Alarm System memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan, sehingga perencanaan dan pemilihan yang tepat akan memberikan manfaat yang besar baik dilihat dari kegunaan maupun biaya.
Meskipun Fire Alarm bukan salah satu perlengkapan keselamatan, tetapi Fire Alarm memberikan manfaat paling besar dalam mencegah terjadinya korban jiwa dan penanganan sedini mungkin saat terjadi kebakaran.
Secara tidak langsung, Fire Alarm dapat mengurangi dampak kerugian secara moril dan materil.
Pemilihan Fire Alarm System juga sangat penting karena menyangkut efektivitas, budget, dan pertimbangan dalam hal perawatan dan perbaikan.
Secara umum terdapat dua Fire Alarm System, yaitu Fire Alarm Konvensional dan Fire Alarm Addressable. Masing-masing Fire Alarm System memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan, sehingga perencanaan dan pemilihan yang tepat akan memberikan manfaat yang besar baik dilihat dari kegunaan maupun biaya.
- by Esti Wikandari
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Nowadays, it is not easy to keep vigil of the country from external threats. For guarding always we cannot rely on soldiers alone. In some cases, soldiers will leave their areas for a short duration just to escape from inclement weather.... more
Nowadays, it is not easy to keep vigil of the country from external threats. For guarding always we cannot rely on soldiers alone. In some cases, soldiers will leave their areas for a short duration just to escape from inclement weather. For continuous defence surveillance, automatic recharging has been done to the robot using wireless power transmission from docking section. For surveillance purpose, the path of the robot has to be fed initially. When the battery of the robot gets low it will automatically re-enter to the docking section for recharging purpose. This system also contains multiple sensor modules with an embedded system. This Robot will be ready to capture the image of any human who enters into robot surveillance region. In the existing system, many researchers worldwide are now engaged in designing various mobile surveillance robots for home security applications. The system integrates a variety of sensors to gather environmental information and detect abnormal events such as fire alarm, intruder alert and gas leakage. In this project the system proposed a development and characterization of a surveillance robot with automatic docking and recharging capabilities for home security. The proposed system is composed of a surveillance robot and a docking station. The robot can return to the docking station for recharging operations when the on-board battery is too low. A docking method based on the self-localization of the robot and the infrared detectors of the docking station is proposed.
- by GRD JOURNALS
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